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Particle Physics

The Gauge Group Is D₄ : How one equation produces the three forces of nature

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.19147058
Read full paper on Zenodo →

The Standard Model's gauge group SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) is chosen to match observations. Pentagon Physics derives it. The Galois involution √5 → −√5 acting on the 600-cell fixes exactly 24 vertices — the vertices of the 24-cell, whose symmetry group is D₄. D₄ is the unique group compatible with the Galois structure of ℚ(√5) and the binary icosahedral group 2I. The gauge group selection rule: sin²θ_W = φ⁻³ at μ ≈ 243 GeV (≈ Higgs VEV), g₁² = λ = 2φ/25, chirality from Galois ℤ/2ℤ. The three forces of nature are D₄'s three non-trivial representations.

\[ \sin^2\theta_W = \varphi^{-3} = 0.2361 \quad (0.03\%) \]
Key Result
D₄ gauge group derived — Standard Model structure as Galois consequence
Precision
Weinberg angle to 0.03%