Programme Results Papers Solved Tools Pipeline Media News 137 FAQs
Particle Physics

Quarks Are Eigenvalues

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.19099370
Read full paper on Zenodo →

No quark has ever been observed in isolation. The Standard Model treats this as an interesting property of QCD (confinement) while maintaining that quarks are real particles. Pentagon Physics offers a different interpretation: quarks are eigenvalues of the 600-cell adjacency operator, not particles. The numbers reported by the Particle Data Group as 'quark masses' are coupling strengths extracted by perturbation theory from non-perturbative standing waves — they are artefacts of the extraction method, not masses of objects. The proton is six eigenvalues in three-phase balance. Its mass is derived to 0.006% with zero free parameters.

\[ m_p \leftrightarrow 6 \text{ eigenvalues of } A_{600} \text{ in 3-phase balance} \]
Key Result
Quarks reinterpreted as eigenvalues — proton mass derived to 0.006%
Precision
Proton mass 0.006%