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Cosmology

Friedmann dynamics from the action that derives α, G, and Λ

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.19115512
Read full paper on Zenodo →

The Friedmann equations govern the expansion of the universe in general relativity. They are derived from Einstein's field equations with the cosmological constant Λ as a free parameter. This paper shows that the same action that derives α, G, and Λ from the axiom σ = 1/(1+σ) also produces Friedmann dynamics. The de Sitter solution (exponential expansion) emerges as the long-time attractor of the self-referential field equation. The Hubble parameter H₀ = 70.5 km/s/Mpc follows from the fixed-point structure without fitting to observations.

\[ H^2 = \frac{8\pi G}{3}\rho + \frac{\Lambda}{3} \quad \leftarrow \text{derived from } \sigma = \frac{1}{1+\sigma} \]
Key Result
Friedmann cosmology from the self-referential action
Precision
H₀ = 70.5 km/s/Mpc